Choose the next format before the next class

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Course: Choose the race class that fits your car and goals

Module: Map the club-racing landscape

Estimated duration: 55 minutes

Your first club-racing decision is not the class name on the side of the car. It is the format you are entering. Before you ask whether the car fits a specific class, you need to know whether the weekend is built around instruction, the clock, or scored competition. Those are different agreements between you, the organizer, the other drivers, and the track.

That sounds simple, but this is where many intermediate drivers get tangled. You come out of HPDE with a faster lap time, a better car, and enough confidence to start reading class lists. You see Time Trial, Time Attack, race groups, open track, driving school, track day, and marque-club DE options. Some organizations use terms broadly. Some put a time trial inside a driver education weekend. Some make timing instructional only. Some require a separate registration process for the competitive portion. If you start with the class label, you can choose a build path before you have chosen the rules environment.

The working rule for this lesson is: choose the format that matches the next skill you are ready to practice, then choose the class or category inside that format. HPDE teaches skill and awareness. Time Trial tests your lap against the clock under a controlled timing structure. Racing, in the NASA definition, is a speed contest using predetermined rules where more than one vehicle is on course, performance is scored, and top finishers are recognized. The class decision only makes sense after that format decision is clear.

Think of format as the contract and class as the sorting bin inside the contract. In HPDE, the contract is educational. You operate within the rules, within the course limits, with the purpose of improving driving skill and becoming safer. Passing is controlled by permission and passing zones. Timing, where allowed at all, is not the operating purpose of the event. In Time Trial or Time Attack, the contract changes. The clock becomes the competitive reference, the organizer controls spacing and timed laps, and the goal is an impartial lap time with minimal distraction. In racing, the contract changes again. You are in a contest scored under predetermined rules with recognition for the top finishers.

Do not treat those as three names for the same thing. The same track surface may host all three, but you are doing a different job in each one.

The HPDE job is to learn cleanly

HPDE is the broadest and most commonly misunderstood bucket because some rulebooks use several names generically. NASA describes school, driving school, open track, Time Trial, drifting, and Time Attack as terms that may be used interchangeably in that publication except where otherwise noted, and as activities often grouped under HPDE. That is not permission to ignore the specific event rules. It is a warning that the label on the calendar is not enough. You read what the event actually is.

For your decision-making, the HPDE core is still instructional. NASA describes HPDE as being for enjoyment of driving and improvement of driving skills in hopes of becoming a safer driver. Driving school includes basic instruction for beginners. NASA HPDE general rules emphasize operating within the rules and the marked course, and the program intent includes good judgment, responsibility, and safe driving. PCA states its HPDE program is instructional and educational in character, with instructors riding with student drivers in an educational capacity.

So your HPDE question is not: what class do I fit? It is: what skill do I need to improve, and can I operate inside the HPDE traffic and conduct rules while improving it? If you are still learning passing etiquette, flag response, awareness with faster cars, and session discipline, HPDE is still doing useful work for you. That does not make you slow. It means the next skill is not yet a scored format.

HPDE traffic has its own discipline. Ross Bentley emphasizes that HPDE is not wheel-to-wheel racing, so a pass should not happen unless the driver being passed is aware and has given permission. Faster cars pass only when the slower driver gives the required point-by or signal, and the drivers meeting tells you where those safe passing zones are. If you are the overtaking driver, you wait for permission. If you are the car being caught, you give the point-by when it is safe. This is not a casual courtesy. It is part of the format.

That is the first calibration test. If you cannot consistently give clean point-bys, stay predictable, wait for permission, and remember the passing zones after the drivers meeting, you are not being held back by the absence of a race class. You are still learning the HPDE contract. The next useful step is not a class name. It is more disciplined HPDE execution.

The Time Trial job is to make the clock honest

Time Trial or Time Attack changes the question. NASA defines Time Trial and Time Attack as competition against the clock. Vehicles must meet the minimum standard for HPDE, and the format may run one vehicle at a time or with multiple vehicles on track together. PCA describes Time Trials as an optional competitive aspect within a HPDE event, but with its own run group and separate registration process.

That separate run group matters. Time Trial is not just HPDE with a lap timer turned on in your phone. PCA states that PCA HPDE events are not timed events, and entrant timing is instructional only and not part of event operation. When PCA offers a Time Trial option, the timed portion has designated timed laps, no passing, spacing between cars, and a specific meeting covering no passing, flag rules, maintaining distance, lap count, and safety concerns. The purpose is to give entrants a clear track with no distractions, an impartial lap time, and potentially rankings among drivers.

That tells you what skill the format tests. Time Trial is not primarily testing your ability to negotiate traffic. It is testing whether you can produce your lap when the track is managed to reduce distractions. You still must follow flags, spacing rules, safety procedures, and the event meeting. But the competitive reference is the clock, not a pass, not a position, and not a battle with the car ahead.

This is why Time Trial is often the right next format for an intermediate driver who has outgrown pure instruction but is not yet choosing wheel-to-wheel racing. It lets you learn how your driving changes when a lap time matters. It exposes whether you can hold your line, manage nerves, and execute the same rules under pressure. It also exposes a common weakness: some drivers become worse the moment the lap is official. They rush entries, overdrive exits, stare at deltas, or treat another car as an opponent even when the event has no passing in the timed portion.

The Time Trial readiness question is: can you accept the clock without changing the safety contract? In the PCA structure, there is no passing during timed runs and cars are spaced to avoid catching one another. If the existence of a ranking makes you close gaps, pressure another driver, or ignore spacing, you are not choosing the next format honestly. You are using the wrong format to act out a race impulse.

The racing job is scored competition under predetermined rules

NASA defines competition as a speed contest where more than one vehicle is on course at the same time, using predetermined rules specifying a format where participants are scored based on performance and recognition is given to top finishers. NASA also says race and competition may be used interchangeably in that context unless clarified otherwise.

This definition matters because it keeps you from reducing racing to a faster version of Time Trial. The defining feature is not simply that a transponder is active. It is that the contest is scored under rules with other vehicles on course and top finishers recognized. The class name becomes important because it helps determine which cars and drivers are being compared under that contest. But the class name still comes after the format decision. If you are not choosing the competition contract, the race class is not yet your next operational problem.

The bonded corpus for this lesson does not give a full race-licensing pathway, race-start procedure, protest procedure, or wheel-to-wheel racecraft curriculum. Do not invent those details from club talk or paddock folklore. The safe instruction here is narrower and more useful: recognize that racing is a different rules environment from HPDE and Time Trial, and do not pick a race class until you have chosen to pursue that environment and read the relevant rule stack.

A class name without a format is a weak decision

A driver who asks what class should I build for may actually be asking one of several different questions. Am I ready to leave instruction? Am I ready for timed ranking? Am I ready for scored competition? Is my car eligible for the event I want next? Will my region offer that format at the tracks I can attend? Those questions have to be separated.

For HPDE, your class-like concern is usually eligibility and safety, not competitive classification. NASA HPDE eligibility includes age, license, membership or sanctioned club membership, a car that meets technical requirements, proper safety equipment under applicable rules, fees, waivers, physical fitness, rule knowledge, and tech inspection. SCCA Track Days are open to most four-wheeled vehicles that pass safety inspection, subject to region, track, and event rules. SCCA also reminds entrants that minimum safety standards are only minimums, and there can be a large gap between the minimum and the best protection current technology can provide.

For Time Trial, the class question starts to matter because the clock can produce rankings. But the first question is still whether the event is actually a Time Trial, how it is registered, how timed laps are run, whether passing is allowed, how cars are spaced, and which rules apply. PCA requires a separate registration process for Time Trial participants inside a HPDE event. NASA says Time Trial vehicles must meet the minimum standard for HPDE. These format rules shape what kind of day you are entering before any class name can help you.

For racing, the class question matters only inside the competition structure. NASA competition uses predetermined rules and scoring. If you have not yet identified the rules publication, the event format, the sanctioning body, and the region or event restrictions, the class label is floating without context. A class name is not a plan until it is attached to the format and rulebook that will score it.

The practical decision tree

Start with the feedback you need. If you need instruction, repetition, awareness, and a safer driving process, choose HPDE or driving school. The HPDE format is designed to improve driving skill and safety, and the conduct rules are built around that. You measure progress by clean sessions, predictable traffic behavior, rule compliance, and the ability to work on a specific skill without being pulled into another driver's pace.

If you need an impartial lap time with reduced distraction, choose Time Trial or Time Attack. The PCA description gives the clearest model: separate run group, separate registration, timed laps, no passing during timed runs, careful spacing, and a pre-run meeting covering flags, distance, laps, and safety. You measure progress by the quality of the lap you produce when the clock is official and the track is arranged to give you room.

If you want scored competition against other entrants under predetermined rules, you are moving toward racing or competition. Use the NASA definition as the gate: more than one vehicle on course, predetermined rules, scoring based on performance, and recognition to top finishers. You measure progress by your readiness to live inside that rules environment, not by whether your HPDE lap time impresses your friends.

Then check the traffic contract. HPDE passing requires awareness and permission. You must know where the passing zones are and how your organization uses the point-by or signal. Time Trial may eliminate passing during the timed portion and rely on spacing. Racing or competition uses its own predetermined rules, which must be read before entry. If you cannot explain the traffic contract for the format, you have not chosen the format yet.

Then check the registration contract. HPDE registration may put you in a run group by experience and ability. Time Trial may require its own run group and separate registration process. Racing or competition will be governed by the event's competition rules. If you are registered in the wrong bucket, your car class cannot save the day.

Then check the safety and eligibility contract. NASA HPDE requires a car that meets technical requirements, proper safety equipment under the applicable rules, and tech inspection. SCCA Track Days require Safety Level 1 standards where applicable and remind you that minimums are not the same as best protection. Time Trial in the NASA definition must meet the minimum HPDE standard, and PCA applies DE standards to the Time Trial portion except where noted. A driver choosing the next format should make a simple equipment and eligibility checklist before shopping for class-specific parts.

Then check the track and organizer contract. Not all regions offer all activities. NASA explicitly notes that not all regions offer every type of event. SCCA says regions, tracks, and events may have different rules, so entrants should check organizers, rules, and supplementary regulations. SCCA course approval can limit a course by event classification or restrict it to selected driver experience. That means the correct next format may be constrained by the track and region available to you, not just by your ambition.

The sub-skills that make the decision reliable

The first sub-skill is language discipline. Do not assume the calendar word means the same thing across organizations. NASA's glossary tells you that several terms may be used generically under HPDE except where noted. That means you must read the actual event description. A Time Trial inside one group's DE weekend may be a separate competitive option. A lap timer in another group's HPDE may be instructional only. The word on the event tile is a starting point, not the answer.

The second sub-skill is scoring recognition. Ask what decides the result. If there is no result and the event is educational, you are in HPDE thinking. If the result is an impartial lap time and possible ranking, you are in Time Trial thinking. If participants are scored under predetermined rules and top finishers recognized, you are in competition thinking. This one question cuts through a lot of noise.

The third sub-skill is passing-rule recognition. HPDE passing relies on awareness, safe zones, and permission from the car being passed. PCA's Time Trial timed runs have no passing, with spacing used to keep cars apart. Racing rules are outside the scope of these chunks, but NASA's definition tells you competition is a rules-based speed contest with more than one vehicle on course. You should be able to describe what another car is allowed to do near you before you enter the format.

The fourth sub-skill is meeting discipline. In HPDE, the drivers meeting and classroom session tell you the passing zones, point-by process, and event-specific rules. In PCA Time Trial, the additional meeting before timed runs reviews no passing, flag rules, maintaining distance, number of laps, and safety concerns. Intermediate drivers sometimes treat meetings as beginner material. That is a mistake. The meeting is where the generic format becomes today's operating contract.

The fifth sub-skill is eligibility auditing. Before you compare classes, confirm you can enter the format. NASA HPDE includes license, membership, car tech, safety equipment, fees, waivers, rule knowledge, physician fitness, and no outstanding debts. SCCA Track Days require a vehicle that passes safety inspection and warns that different regions, tracks, and events may have different rules. A class spreadsheet is useless if your car, gear, paperwork, or event standing fails the basic gate.

The sixth sub-skill is course-context awareness. The same course may not be approved for every kind of event or every driver group. SCCA course approval can limit a course by classification of event or selected driver experience, and speeds may be restricted at the discretion of the Safety Steward. If your next format depends on a specific track or configuration, verify that the organizer is actually sanctioning that format there.

How to calibrate your next-format choice

You are choosing well when your answer is boring and specific. A weak answer sounds like I think I should run Spec something because the fast drivers do. A strong answer sounds like I am staying in HPDE because I still need clean point-bys and predictable passing-zone execution. Or: I am entering Time Trial because I can run clean HPDE traffic, I want an impartial lap time, and I understand the separate registration, no-passing timed runs, spacing, and meeting requirements. Or: I am starting the racing-rule path because I want scored competition under predetermined rules, and I am ready to read the relevant rule stack before choosing the class.

Use your recent sessions as evidence. If your HPDE notes show that you missed point-bys, surprised faster cars, passed without clear permission, forgot the passing zones, or became frustrated and drove too fast because progress felt slow, the next format is still HPDE. That is not a punishment. It is the format that trains the exact skill you are missing.

If your HPDE notes show clean awareness but your lap quality swings wildly when you think about timing, Time Trial may be the right controlled test. The PCA model is useful because it separates the timed task from traffic noise. You get designated timed laps, spacing, and no passing. If the lap falls apart anyway, you have learned something honest: the pressure of the clock is the limiter, not traffic.

If your notes show you are already reading rulebooks, tracking event-specific requirements, and thinking in terms of scored rules rather than informal lap bragging, you may be ready to investigate racing classes. But do not skip the definition. The racing path is a competition path. It is not just a place for cars that became too modified for HPDE.

Failure modes you should catch early

The most common failure is choosing a class to justify a car build while your driving format is still HPDE. You buy parts for a future race class, then discover that your actual next six events are HPDE days where the useful gates are tech inspection, safe equipment, conduct rules, and clean traffic. The cost is not just money. It is attention. You spend the season thinking about a class table instead of the format that is actually teaching you.

The second failure is treating timing as harmless because it is only instructional. PCA's HPDE standard allows entrant timing only for instructional purposes and says it is not part of event operation. That means the timing device does not change the event into a Time Trial. If your driving changes because a timer is running, you have created private competition inside an instructional format. The better move is to either use the data calmly for instruction or enter a real Time Trial where the clock is part of the structure.

The third failure is treating Time Trial like racing. PCA's Time Trial description is explicit about no passing during timed runs, spacing cars to avoid catching, and using a clear track with no distractions. If you chase, pressure, or measure the session by whether you caught another car, you are violating the format's purpose even if your lap time improves.

The fourth failure is ignoring local variation. NASA says regions may have rules or restrictions that add to or supersede the HPDE publication. SCCA says different regions, tracks, and events may have different rules and entrants should check the organizer, rules, or supplementary regulations. PCA describes a Time Trial option that may exist at a HPDE event but must have its own registration and run group. The practical point is that the national label does not replace the event paperwork.

The fifth failure is confusing minimum safety with adequate safety. SCCA's Track Day rules say minimum requirements do not prevent installing more than the minimum and remind entrants of the gap between a minimum standard and the best protection. If you are choosing a more serious format, do not use the minimum as a comfort blanket. Treat it as the entry gate, then make a separate judgment about protection appropriate to your speed, car, and event.

Where this lesson stops

This lesson deliberately stops before class-family selection, NASA rule-stack reading, and marque-club overlays. Those are sibling lessons. Here, your job is to stop asking class questions while the format is still vague. First decide whether your next event is educational HPDE, clock-based Time Trial or Time Attack, or scored competition. Then read the rules for that format. Then choose the class inside it.

The driver who gets this right wastes less time. More importantly, they enter the weekend with the right behavior. In HPDE, they learn and share the track by permission. In Time Trial, they give the clock a clean, undistracted attempt. In racing, they accept a scored rules environment. Same driver, same car, maybe even the same track surface. Different format, different job.

Worked example: the HPDE driver with a lap timer

You are an intermediate HPDE driver in a PCA weekend. You have clean basic pace, you are starting to care about lap time, and you are tempted to decide on a class because the lap timer shows you are close to faster drivers in the paddock.

The format-first answer is to separate three things. First, the PCA HPDE event itself is instructional and educational. Timing by an entrant is instructional only and is not part of event operation. Second, PCA may optionally offer a Time Trial at a HPDE event, but that Time Trial has its own run group and separate registration process. Third, during the timed runs, cars are sent one at a time for designated timed laps, all timed laps run continuously, and there is no passing.

So the decision is not whether the timer says you belong in a class. The decision is whether your next learning target is still HPDE execution or an official clock-based test. If you are using the timer to review braking points, consistency, and whether you are over-slowing, stay in HPDE and keep the timer instructional. Your success standard is clean sessions, rule compliance, predictable passing, and better driving choices.

If you want the lap time to count as a result, enter the Time Trial option if the region offers it. Then accept the whole structure: separate registration, separate run group, spacing, no passing, a meeting before timed runs, and a clear-track purpose. You do not get to keep HPDE traffic behavior, add competitive emotion, and call that Time Trial. The format changes the job.

Worked example: the NASA driver choosing Time Trial or Competition

You are a NASA HPDE driver reading future options. You see Time Trial, Time Attack, and race groups. You also see class names and start wondering where the car fits.

Use the definitions first. NASA describes Time Trial and Time Attack as competition against the clock. Vehicles must meet the minimum HPDE standard, and the format can run one vehicle at a time or with multiple vehicles on track together. NASA defines competition as a speed contest with more than one vehicle on course at the same time, using predetermined rules, with scoring based on performance and recognition for top finishers.

That gives you a clean split. If the next skill you need is producing a measured lap under clock pressure, your format target is Time Trial or Time Attack. You should read the TT event rules, vehicle minimums, registration process, and regional procedures before worrying about class details.

If the next skill you want is scored competition under predetermined rules with other vehicles on course, you are investigating racing. Now class matters, but only after you accept the competition format and rule stack. If you cannot yet explain which rules score the event, what publication applies, and how the organizer defines the group, you are not ready to choose the race class. You are still choosing the format.

Worked example: the SCCA Track Day car that is eligible but not automatically right

You have a four-wheeled car that passes basic safety inspection and you want to run a Track Day. SCCA Track Days are open to most four-wheeled vehicles that pass safety inspection, but the rule text also tells you that different regions, tracks, and events may have different rules. It also says entrants should check organizers, rules, or supplementary regulations for the event they plan to attend.

That means eligibility is a format gate, not a class decision. You first ask whether the event is a Track Day, a Time Trial, or another sanctioned format. You then ask whether the specific track and organizer allow your vehicle and driver experience in that format. SCCA course approval may limit a course as to event classification or restrict the course to selected driver experience. Speeds may also be restricted at the discretion of the Safety Steward.

The practical lesson is that your car being broadly eligible does not answer what you should enter next. The event format, driver experience restriction, course approval, and safety rules decide whether this weekend fits your current step.

Common mistakes

Mistake 1: picking a class before picking a format. This usually sounds like a driver asking what class a car belongs in while still planning only HPDE weekends. Good looks like writing the format target first: HPDE for instruction, Time Trial for the clock, or competition for scored rules. Only then do you read class rules.

Mistake 2: treating a private lap timer as an official format change. PCA HPDE timing by an entrant is instructional only and not part of event operation. Good looks like using that data calmly for learning, or entering a real Time Trial with the separate run group, registration, and timed-run rules.

Mistake 3: turning Time Trial into a race in your head. PCA's Time Trial structure gives clear track space, no passing during timed runs, and spacing to avoid catching. Good looks like maintaining distance, respecting no passing, and judging the run by lap execution rather than by whether you caught another car.

Mistake 4: forgetting that passing rules define the format. In HPDE, the overtaking driver waits for permission, and the car being passed gives the point-by or required signal when safe. Good looks like knowing the passing zones from the meeting, signaling clearly, staying predictable, and never improvising a pass because you feel faster.

Mistake 5: reading only national language and skipping the event layer. NASA regions may add or supersede restrictions. SCCA regions, tracks, and events may differ and require checking supplemental rules. Good looks like reading the event page, the organizer rules, and the drivers meeting notes before assuming the format works the same as last month.

Mistake 6: mistaking minimum safety for enough safety. SCCA reminds entrants that minimum standards are only minimums and that better protection may be available. Good looks like passing tech, then making an honest protection decision for your car, speed, and format instead of treating the minimum as a performance goal.

Drill: the next-format selection worksheet

Do this over your next two events or before you register for the next timed or competitive step. The drill takes about 45 minutes before the event, five minutes after each session, and 20 minutes after the weekend.

Step 1: make three columns named HPDE, Time Trial, and Competition. Under HPDE, write the rules that define your educational contract: run group, point-by process, passing zones, flags, tech, safety equipment, and conduct expectations. Under Time Trial, write whether the organizer offers a separate run group, separate registration, timed laps, no-passing rules, spacing procedures, and a pre-run meeting. Under Competition, write the rules publication, scoring basis, and how top finishers are recognized. If you cannot fill a column from actual event documents, write unknown rather than guessing.

Step 2: before the first session, attend the meeting as if you will be tested on it. For HPDE, capture the exact passing zones and point-by method. For Time Trial, capture the no-passing rule, spacing expectation, number of timed laps, and flag reminders. If the meeting contradicts your worksheet, the meeting and event officials control the day.

Step 3: after each session, log one sentence about format behavior, not lap time. For HPDE, write whether you gave and received point-bys correctly and whether you stayed predictable. For Time Trial, write whether the clock changed your driving and whether you maintained distance and no-passing discipline. For a competition investigation day, write which rule questions remain unanswered before you could choose a class.

Step 4: after the event, choose only one next-format statement. Use this sentence pattern: my next format is blank because the next skill I need is blank, and the rules I must read before registration are blank. The success criterion is that another experienced driver or instructor can read the sentence and tell exactly what kind of event you are entering and what behavior the format requires.

Run the drill for two weekends. If both worksheets point to the same format and your session notes support it, you have earned a clean next step. If the worksheets conflict, do not average them. Find the missing rule, event restriction, or behavior issue that is causing the confusion.

Cross-references to sibling lessons

Use this lesson before the class-family lesson. Once the format is clear, the class-family lesson helps you avoid reading a class name in isolation. A touring, spec, time-trial, or preparation-based class only makes sense inside the format where it will be used.

Use this lesson before the NASA rules-stack lesson. NASA's definitions show why HPDE, Time Trial, and Competition need different reading habits. The rules-stack lesson is where you learn how to follow the rule documents after the format target is known.

Use this lesson before the marque-club overlay lesson. PCA's HPDE and Time Trial language shows that a marque club can define timing, instructor structure, run groups, and liability boundaries in ways that matter immediately. The overlay lesson handles the event-specific layer. This lesson tells you why you must identify the format before interpreting that layer.

When the principle gets slippery

The principle gets slippery when organizations use broad language. NASA's glossary can group several activities under HPDE except where otherwise noted, while the same packet separately defines Time Trial, Competition, Driving School, and Open Track. The solution is not to argue about the word. The solution is to read the operating rules for the event you are entering.

The principle also gets slippery when a Time Trial is embedded inside a HPDE weekend. PCA's example is clear: the HPDE event is instructional and not operated as a timed event, while the optional Time Trial has its own run group and registration process. One paddock can contain both educational and competitive structures. Your wristband, run group, and meeting determine your job.

Finally, the principle gets slippery when the car is ready before the driver decision is ready. A car may pass inspection and still not make the format right for the driver. A track may be suitable for one event classification and restricted for another. A driver may have enough speed for a lap time but not enough discipline to keep the clock from changing behavior. In those cases, the correct move is not to force the class answer. The correct move is to choose the format that trains the missing skill.

Author Review

No quiz questions are attached to this lesson.

Sources

#	Document	Chunk	Pages	Score	Collection
1	HPDE_Verbatim_Master_Compilation	2172e47ea2c3b825834968dbaf99d0a2	16	1	uio_books_raw_v1
2	HPDE Verbatim Master Compilation	af5c3896-7370-8cce-89c6-d43be8b2020e	210	1	uio_books_raw_v1
3	The HPDE 1st Timer s Guide - Ross Bentley	eef11274-50fd-7c69-51dd-66c9bc7d0360	19	1	uio_books_raw_v1
4	HPDE Verbatim Master Compilation	a5ce9071-037e-1e99-2713-b3d29c68c264	27	1	uio_books_raw_v1
5	HPDE Verbatim Master Compilation	083ef3bc-c44c-1df7-746d-ded481e0378d	141	1	uio_books_raw_v1
6	HPDE Verbatim Master Compilation	160c596f-e63b-e765-6b1b-49393e1302c2	163	1	uio_books_raw_v1
7	HPDE Verbatim Master Compilation	d7bd59a9-e874-edc3-bcc2-9de70683aebb	16	1	uio_books_raw_v1
8	HPDE Verbatim Master Compilation	f0048842-e5a7-2d6b-be5e-95748801caf3	16	1	uio_books_raw_v1